Reflection, refraction, diffraction teaching resources. Wave refraction the slowing and bending of waves in shallow water wave diffraction propagation of a wave around an obstacle wave reflection occurs when waves bounce back from an obstacle they encounter. We will see that the boundary conditions are satisfied only if. Pdf topologically protected zero refraction of elastic. In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. Covers refraction of mechanical waves and solves problems involving the law of refraction.
Sea floor movement, which changes the shape of the ocean floor and can release large amounts of energy to the entire water column compared to winddriven waves, which affect only surface water, can create very large waves. Reflection, refraction, lenses, and diffraction quiz. This section serves as motivation for the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave. Setup here, we will consider the reflection and refraction of a uniform, linearly polarized, homogeneous plane wave at a horizontal interface fig. Chapter 10 reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference overview when waves are incident at a boundary between media such as water waves on shallow water encountering a sudden change in depth of the water or light passing either from air to glass or glass to air, part of the wave energy is reflected and part is transmitted. Consider straight water waves passing from deep to shallow water, their wavelength becomes shorter. Reflection and refraction of waves occur at the interface between two different media. In refraction, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are different, because the wave changes medium, speed and direction. The distance at which parallel rays converge is the lens focal length, f. Sound waves and music lesson 3 behavior of sound waves. Radio wave propagation radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves when they are transmitted, or propagated from one point on the earth to another, or into various parts of the atmosphere. These notes were made as per new guidelines and student can easily download the pdf notes.
Hunter, md, phd optics and refraction outline revised, spring 2010 page 2 part 1. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf. For sound waves the wavefront would be a surface containing all adjacent points where the wave pressure is in step. Seismic reflectionrefraction imaging has successfully been used in the oil industry to detect buried hydrocarbon traps for about 85 years dobrin, 1976. Now let us ask what happens when light enters a medium with a different. Difference between reflection and refraction with comparison. Pdf reflection and refraction of waves at the boundary of a non. This also produces an increase in the mean length of the crests.
Questions include the reflection of water waves, refraction of water waves, refraction of water waves across various shapes trapezium base, convex. Reflection and snells law electromagnetic geophysics. This indicates how strong in your memory this concept is. These laws of reflection are applicable to all types of reflecting surfaces. Snells law is then used to characterize the refraction angle in terms of the complex wavenumber for both media. Reflection occurs when there is a bouncing off of a barrier. Like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection refraction. Refraction of waves article about refraction of waves by. We consider a light wave travelling through medium 1 and striking medium 2. Refraction can be used to show the true make up of white light.
Huygens principle states a very fundamental property of waves, which will be a useful tool to explain certain wave phenomena, like refraction below. Using snells law, determine the angle of refraction, then select the lettered ray that best represents the transmitted ray. Simple progressive waves figure 83a are waves that oscillate uniformly and progress or travel without breaking. A corresponding presentation is free to use and embedded at physicsuk in section 4.
If an ocean wave approaches a beach obliquely, the part. Ppt reflection, refraction and diffraction powerpoint. When a shortcrested sea is superposed on a longcreasted swell, refraction tends to amplify the longer waves more than the shorter ones. Reflection and refraction reflection and refraction are governed by two very simple laws. For example, waves in deep water travel faster than in shallow. So the bright spots represent wave troughs and the dark spots represent wave crests. The concept of refraction is generally illustrated in terms of.
When plane waves pass through an opening, the wave fronts will not change much if the opening is a. The ratios of amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves. However it must be noted that although the wavelength is shortened the frequency f of the wave remains the same. Reflected waves can cause interference with oncoming waves, creating standing waves wave refraction, diffraction, and reflection 24. Refraction involves a change in the direction of wave propagation due to a change in propagation speed. Ib physics sl revision waves 3 reflection and refraction of waves duration. Refraction of waves from a point source into a medium of higher. Refraction is the change in direction of waves which occurs when waves travel from one medium to another. Rays incident on the bound ary at angles exceeding the critical angle are totally re6ected.
Refraction makes lenses possible because refraction bends rays toward the thickest part of a lens, parallel rays incident on a convex lens converge. Spherical waves are solutions to maxwells equations. If the waves approach obliquely they become skew, that is, the crests become staggered one behind another. The change of direction of propagation of any wave phenomenon which occurs when the wave velocity changes. Refraction this refers to the bending of waves as they leave one medium and enter into another. Refraction light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with a different density, such as air and glass. Reflection and refraction when light hits a surface, one or more of three things may happen. Refraction, in physics, the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes are prepared strictly according to the latest ncert syllabus on the guidelines by cbse. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 formulas download pdf. Technically we need to check that the interference is constructive, too. Plane wave entering and emerging from a medium with different index of refraction.
The shift in the direction of the radio waves, when it enters medium with different density, is known as refraction. Refraction is the bending of waves when passes through a different medium. Reflection and refraction of emwaves at portland state university. Reflection of waves off straight barriers follows the. Refraction light waves ks3 physics revision bbc bitesize. Like any wave, a sound wave doesnt just stop when it reaches the end of the medium or when it.
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave caused by a change in wave speed an interface is the boundary between two different media. The white light enters, gets refracted and then when exiting the prism gets refracted. The bending of the path is an observable behavior when the medium is a two or threedimensional medium. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10.
This scattering is caused by the interaction of light with small particles, even atoms or molecules, within the material. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Reflection of em waves at boun in terms of the in terms of characteristic the index of impedances refraction, assuming. Refraction of sound waves influenced the outcome of several civil war battles. Reflection, refraction and diffraction are all boundary behaviors of waves associated with the bending of the path of a wave. Vidyakul light reflection and refraction class 10 notes were made by expert teacher to help students in revision for board exam. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings. An interface is the boundary between two different media or two regions of a medium with different characteristics such as density which is often related to temperature concentration of solute salinity, for example mechanical stress. These waves are commonly called splash waves see the chapteropening feature for a description of a large splash wave. The white light enters, gets refracted and then when exiting the prism gets refracted again. How much a wave is refracted is determined by the change in wave speed and the initial direction of wave propagation. Refraction of radio waves in ionised regions radio waves are also refracted in regions of ionisation such as the ionosphere. Use of surface reflectionrefraction methods to characterize the near surface, generally the upper 100 m, is a much younger application, but is still based on about two decades of.
Apr 09, 2020 refraction, in physics, the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. P and swave seismic reflection and refraction measurements. The scattered light goes off in many different directions, and may be scattered again and again before it is finally absorbed. When the object looks like it is broken, it is because the speed of the light wave changed.
Pdf the phenomenon of reflection and refraction is studied at the welded. Refraction when a light wave moves from one medium to another, it changes speed and direction bends what allows us to see images, is the presence of light. The colours of the rainbow are seen to exit instead of the white beam. Feb 04, 2011 ib physics sl revision waves 3 reflection and refraction of waves duration. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The key is to draw the plane waves as the location of the maximum. In the glass of water, it goes from a gas to a liquid. Refraction, polarization,interference and diffractionof light us. Lab 22 refraction, polarization and interference of light, page 1 of 6. The refraction of sea waves in shallow water journal of.
Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. Previous work experiments with shock waves refracting in gases have been done by jahn 1956. When shone, as a beam through a prism, white light gets refracted and exits in the form of a spectrum of colours. These two fundamental interfacial wave phenomena form the basis of fabricating various wave components, such. The term is most frequently applied to visible light, but it also applies to all other electromagnetic waves, as well as to sound and water waves. The light may be reflected back from the surface, transmitted through the material in which case it will deviate from its initial direction, a process known as refraction or absorbed by the material if it is not transparent at the. These notes are prepared by our panel of highly experienced teachers keeping in mind the level of preparation needed by the. Questions include the reflection of water waves, refraction of water waves, refraction of water waves across various shapes trapezium base, convex base, concave base, square base, refraction in nature formation of waves approaching shores and bays, the occurrence of diffraction of water waves across. The phenomena of refraction and refraction of light at a plane surface separating two media of different dielectric properties can be classified into two aspects. The physics classroom physics tutorial sound waves and music reflection, refraction, and diffraction. In some cases the ray is traveling through air and entering glass. Seismic reflection refraction imaging has successfully been used in the oil industry to detect buried hydrocarbon traps for about 85 years dobrin, 1976. Examples of refraction light wave is changing direction because it is moving from one type of medium to another. Pdf this paper is devoted to study a problem of reflection and refraction of quasilongitudinal waves under initial stresses at an interface of two.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Light is refracted as it crosses the airwater interface. In refraction, the sine of angle between the incident ray and normal maintains a constant ratio with the sine of angle of refracted ray and normal. As both light and radio waves are forms of electromagnetic waves, they are both subject to the same basic laws and principles. Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes vidyakul. It involves the oblique incidence of waves on media boundaries, and hence wave propagation in at least two dimensions. Waves refract at the top where the water is shallower. The points presented below are substantial, so far as the difference between reflection and refraction is concerned. A ray of monochromatic light having a frequency of 5. Worksheet 2 pages and homework 1 page with answers for an introduction to reflection, refraction and diffraction of waves.
C2 page 2 base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the information and diagram below. Refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygenss. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A materials refractive index describes how light travels through the material. Chapter 10 reflection, refraction, diffraction and. Mechanical waves entering a new material change their direction and velocity of travel. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. While, the occurrence of critical incidence is not observed for the incidence of pf wave. The ionosphere is a region in the upper atmosphere where there is a large concentration of ions and free electrons, primarily as a result of the effect of the suns radiation on the upper reaches of the atmosphere. Use of surface reflection refraction methods to characterize the near surface, generally the upper 100 m, is a much younger application, but is still based on about two decades of. If an ocean wave approaches a beach obliquely, the part of the wave farther from the beach will move faster. The reverting of light or sound waves in the same medium, when it falls on the plane, is called reflection. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave caused by a change in wave speed. The science and study of radio wave reflection, refraction.
A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. All points on a wavefront act as sources of new waves, and the envelope of these secondary waves constitutes the new wavefront. Light reflection and refraction 161 let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. Reflection and refraction 17 be scattered away from its original direction figure 2. Ross has found that refraction of sound caused by temperature and wind gradients may have had a significant impact on the outcome of several civil war battles gettysburg, gaines mill, fort donelson, seven pinesfair oaks, iuka, perryville, chancellorsville, and five forks.
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